Trafo Verimi ve Kaybı Nasıl Hesaplanır? (Demir + Bakır)

Transformer loss P₀ + Pk·x² (x = loading rate), efficiency is P_output / (P_output + loss) ile bulunur. Demir kaybı (P₀) yüke bağlı değildir; bakır kaybı yükün karesiyle artar. Örneğin 1000 kVA, P₀=1,7 kW, Pk=10,5 kW, %75 yük, cosφ 0,9 için verim ≈ %98,9.

Loss = P₀ + Pk·x² · Efficiency = S·x·cosφ / (S·x·cosφ + loss)
Example calculation: 1000 kVA, P₀=1,7 kW, Pk=10,5 kW, %75 yük, cosφ 0,9 → kayıp = 1,7 + 10,5×0,75² ≈ 7,6 kW, çıkış 675 kW → verim ≈ %98,9.

Transformer Loss & Efficiency (Iron + Copper)

From the idle (iron) and load (copper) losses on the label, calculate the total loss and efficiency at your chosen loading configuration.

Yield
–
Total loss
–
Maximum efficiency load
–
Notes: Loss = P₀ + Pk·x² (x = load ratio) · Efficiency = P_output / (P_output + Loss), P_output = S·x·cosφ. Iron loss is load-independent; copper loss increases with the square of the load. Maximum efficiency is at the point x=√(P₀/Pk) where iron and copper losses are equal. P₀ and Pk values are taken from the transformer label.
Get a quote for an energy efficiency assessment →

How is it calculated?

  1. Enter the transformer power (kVA) and load (%).
  2. Enter the idle (P₀) and full load (Pk) losses from the label.
  3. Press Calculate with cosφ; the efficiency and loss will be displayed.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is transformer efficiency calculated?
Efficiency = output power / (output power + total loss); total loss = iron (P₀) + copper (Pk·x²).
When does the transformer operate most efficiently?
In a loading where iron and copper losses are equalized: x = √(P₀/Pk). This is generally below full load.
What is iron and copper loss?
Iron (no-load) loss in the core is constant as long as the transformer is energized; copper (load) loss is due to winding resistance and increases with the square of the load.

Related tools and services

This tool and its content are for general informational purposes only; they do not constitute a binding inspection/declaration of conformity. Definitive results will be determined through on-site inspection in accordance with relevant legislation and standards. Get a quote →